Chuyển đổi CAST và loại

-- SQL standard:
CAST(123 AS TEXT)

-- PostgreSQL shorthand (più comune nella pratica):
123::text

SELECT ordered_at::date AS day,
       (oi.quantity * oi.unit_price)::numeric(10,2) AS total,
       id::text || ' - ' || email AS label
FROM   …;

TIMESTAMP → DATE          ordered_at::date
NUMERIC   → INTEGER       price::int           -- tronca!
INTEGER   → NUMERIC       quantity::numeric    -- per evitare div. intera
INTEGER   → TEXT          id::text             -- per concatenare con ||
TEXT      → DATE          '2024-03-05'::date
NUMERIC   → TEXT          price::text          -- per LIKE su numeri

SELECT 'abc'::int;   -- ERRORE: invalid input syntax for type integer
SELECT '12.5'::int;  -- ERRORE: invalid input syntax for type integer
SELECT 12.5::int;    -- 12   (cast numerico-numerico: arrotonda)

SELECT '2', '10', '1' ORDER BY 1;  -- '1', '10', '2'   (alfabetico!)

SELECT code FROM articles ORDER BY code::int;