映射：键和值

// with a literal
prices := map[string]int{"pane": 2, "latte": 3}

// with make
counters := make(map[string]int)
counters["a"] = 1

// nil map (readable, NOT writable)
var m map[string]int
fmt.Println(m["x"])    // 0 — ok
// m["y"] = 1          // PANIC

m := map[string]int{"a": 1}

m["b"] = 2              // insert/update
v := m["a"]             // get; if missing: zero value
delete(m, "a")          // remove (ok even if the key doesn't exist)
n := len(m)             // number of entries

v, ok := m["x"]
if !ok {
    fmt.Println("key missing")
} else {
    fmt.Println("found:", v)
}

for k, v := range m {
    fmt.Println(k, v)
}

m := map[[2]int]string{}   // ok: array is comparable
// m := map[[]int]string{} // ERROR: slice is not comparable

words := []string{"a", "b", "a", "c", "b", "a"}
freq := map[string]int{}
for _, w := range words {
    freq[w]++   // access to a missing key is 0 → 0+1 = 1
}
// freq = {"a": 3, "b": 2, "c": 1}