चर: लेट और कॉन्स्ट

In JavaScript, variables are names we bind a value to. Every time you write "real" code, the first thing you do is give names to the things you want to manipulate. Modern JavaScript gives you two keywords:

const numero = 42; // valore fissato per sempre
let contatore = 0; // valore che puoi riassegnare

Read in English: "call numero the value 42". From that moment on, every time you write numero in the same block, JS replaces it with 42.

const: the default you want to use almost always

const declares a non-reassignable variable. Once bound, you cannot point it to another value:

const pi = 3.14;
pi = 3; // TypeError: Assignment to constant variable.

This rigidity is a good thing: the vast majority of names in your code represent a value that should not change during its lifetime, and const makes this explicit to the reader.

let: when the value changes

let declares a reassignable variable. You use it when a name has to point to different values over time:

let punteggio = 0;
punteggio = punteggio + 10;
punteggio = punteggio + 5;
console.log(punteggio); // 15

Scope: where a variable lives

let and const live in the block they are declared in — that is, between curly braces { … }. Outside that block, they simply do not exist:

{
  const segreto = 'shh';
  console.log(segreto); // 'shh'
}
console.log(segreto); // ReferenceError: segreto is not defined

Try it

Review exercise